An abstract of title is the condensed history of title on a specified parcel of real estate, which consists of a summary of the original acquistion and all subsequent conveyance and encumbrances pertaining to that property. Some abstracts require a certification by the abstractor which verifies that the history of title is accurate and complete.

An opinion of title is also sometimes required for an abstract. This opinion states the professional judgement of the attorney who is giving the opinion of the title as well as matters concerning the chain of title.

A chain of title consists of the sequential history of all transfers concerning the property. The chain of title starts with the present owner back to the original owner of the property.